Causal Inference and Machine Learning: In Economics, Social, and Health Sciences

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Causal Inference and Machine Learning by Mutlu Yuksel, Yigit Aydede

Bridges gap between modern machine learning methods and applied needs of economists, public health researchers, social scientists. Designed with students and practitioners in mind, introduces machine learning through causal inference. Offers a rigorous yet accessible roadmap for using data to answer real-world policy questions.

FORMAT
Hardcover CONDITION
Brand New Publisher Description

Causal Inference and Machine Learning in Economics, Social, and Health Sciences bridges the gap between modern machine learning methods and the applied needs of economists, public health researchers, and social scientists. Designed with students and practitioners in mind, the book introduces machine learning through the lens of causal inference, offering a rigorous yet accessible roadmap for using data to answer real-world policy combines econometric and machine learning methods such as penalized regressions, random forests, boosting, double machine learning, and the most up-to-date estimation methods for addressing selection on observables (e.g., matching, AIPW) and unobservables (e.g., instrumental variables, difference-in-differences, synthetic control). Readers learn how to estimate treatment effects, uncover heterogeneity, and work with high-dimensional data, while gaining clarity on assumptions, trade-offs, and limitations. The book also covers advanced and often underrepresented topics such as time series forecasting with machine learning methods, neural networks and deep learning, and core optimization algorithms like gradient descent. Each method is introduced with intuition, formal treatment, and applied examples from economics, health, labor, and development studies. It places special emphasis on transparency, identification, and introducing models, it provides step-by-step guidance from raw data to estimation, showing not just what works, but how and why—both methodologically and computationally. Unlike many texts that rely on pre–built software or assume deep technical knowledge, this book builds from foundational concepts such as estimation, error decomposition, and bias-variance trade-offs, then progresses to advanced machine learning approaches. Simulation-based pedagogy helps readers visualize model behavior under known conditions, enabling researchers and students alike to see how statistical tools perform across diverse empirical settings.A distinctive feature of the book is its focus on when and how to use predictive versus causal models. Rather than treating them as separate tasks, it shows how each can inform the other. Practical insights, diagnostics, and examples guide readers in selecting appropriate tools based on research goals and data its clear style, practical code in R, and integrated approach to prediction and causality, this book is an essential resource for applied researchers, students, and anyone using data to inform policy and decision– FEATURES

• Integrates causal inference with the latest econometric and machine learning methods to address real–world policy questions in economics, health, and the social sciences.
• Offers clear, detailed explanations and intuitive guidance—even for foundational concepts often overlooked in other sources—to build theoretical understanding and link econometric principles to application.
• Designed for applied researchers, students, and practitioners with limited technical background, with step-by-step instruction from raw data and basic code, including how both the methods and the underlying code function.
• Provides practical guidance on when and how to use predictive vs. causal models, highlighting their trade-offs and pitfalls to avoid, supported by real-world examples and simulation-based demonstrations.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction. 2. From Data to Causality. 3. Learning Systems. 4. Error. 5. Bias-Variance Trade-off. 6. Overfitting. 7. Parametric Estimation – Basics. 8. Nonparametric Estimations – Basics. 9. Hyperparameter Tuning. 10. Classification. 11. Model Selection and Sparsity. 12. Penalized Regression Methods. 13. Classification and Regression Trees (CART). 14. Ensemble Learning and Random Forest. 15. Boosting. 16. Counterfactual Framework. 17. Randomized Controlled Trials. 18. Selection on Observables. 19. Double Machine Learning. 20. Matching Methods. 21. Inverse Weighting and Doubly Robust Estimation. 22. Selection on Unobservables and DML-IV. 23. Heterogeneous Treatment Effects. 24. Causal Trees and Forests. 25. Meta Learners for Treatment Effects. 26. Difference in Differences and DML-DiD. 27. Synthetic DiD and Regression Discontinuity. 28. Time Series Forecasting. 29. Direct Forecasting with Random Forests. 30. Neural Networks & Deep Learning. 31. Matrix Decomposition and Applications. 32. Optimization Algorithms – Basics.

Details ISBN1032820411 Author Yigit Aydede Publisher Taylor & Francis Ltd ISBN-10 1032820411 ISBN-13 9781032820415 Format Hardcover Imprint Chapman & Hall/CRC Country of Publication United Kingdom Illustrations 10 Tables, black and white; 34 Line drawings, color; 17 Line drawings, black and white; 34 Illustrations, color; 17 Illustrations, black and white Audience Professional & Vocational Country of Origin GB Product Class Description Economics: Professional & General Year 2025 Subtitle In Economics, Social, and Health Sciences Publication Date 2025-12-31 UK Release Date 2025-12-31 DEWEY 006.31 Pages 816
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